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CPI and PPI data for October show another lessening of deflation, and leads point to that trend being sustained through year-end. That is important, and fits with my idea of a bottoming for the underlying cycle. But I am not convinced yet, with services CPI inflation still too low.
I am running out of superlatives to describe Taiwan's export story in 2025. So I'll let the numbers speak for themselves: today's October data show semi exports have grown 70% this year, pushing the overall trade surplus last month to 30% of GDP, and the bilateral surplus with the US to 20% of GDP
Many explanations have been put forward for the drop in YoY FAI. I have another: YoY catching up with the weakness already clear in the MoM. That's tongue-in-cheek, but looking at the under-used MoM series for IP, retail sales and FAI add useful perspectives on what is happening in the economy.
China's exports, which had been so strong, were weaker in October. That could be the lagged impact of tariffs. The suddenness of the change suggests other factors are involved, but we'll find out more with next week's detailed data. For now, it is worth noting that auto exports continue to rise.
Data today show Korea's current account surplus remaining at over 5% of GDP. The fundamental driver is a fall in borrowing by the corporate sector. This structural surplus hasn't started to support the KRW. One reasons is continued outflows from the NPS.
Wage growth was softer in September. The continued slowdown in part-time wages per hour will be a bigger concern if it persists beyond the October rise in the minimum wage. Per hour full-time wage growth is stronger than the headline, though the data are noisy.
A slide pack summarising my views on the region, and each economy.
The rise in inflation in October has partly due to demand related to last month's extended holiday, and so shouldn't persist. However, inflation remains much stickier than I would have expected, given the ongoing weakness in the economy.
In what was a very eventful few days, two developments last week stood out for me: the cuts in US tariffs on China, and the call in the FYP plan for more consumption. Both continue the turn for the better in China sentiment. The upturn in Korea isn't yet supported by a stronger labour market.
Today there were the usual month-end data releases of retail sales, the labour market, and construction, as well as Tokyo October CPI. More interesting was the BOJ's full outlook report, analysing exports, capex resilience, food prices and consumption, as well as wages and prices.
With the official manufacturing PMI dropping to a two-year low in October, it is clear China's cycle continues to struggle. The offset is the improvement in the S&P/RatingDog versions (at least through September), and the better CKGSB survey this month.
The PBC's quarterly surveys cover firms and banks too, but I think the household version is most interesting. In Q3, household sentiment is weak, but mixed. Price expectations are very soft. Some of the savings data support the idea that China's economy is near a structural turning point.
After last month's puzzling fall, business sentiment bounced in October. With the diffusion across sectors still rising, it seems reasonable to expect a further rise in sentiment towards neutral. But there still are headwinds to recovery: construction and real estate, exports, and the labour market.
With yesterday's loan officer survey, and today's release of consumer confidence and GDP, there is lots to dig into. There are some important takeaways, but overall, the releases don't provide clarity on the two big issues facing the economy: house prices, and the outlook for growth.
The steady drop in services PPI inflation stabilised in September, with core ticking up to 2.9% YoY. The data aren't good enough to prove the decline is now over, but I do think a floor should be close. Lumpiness in the data suggests a short-term bounce, and the labour market remains tight.
China has now released trade price and volume data for September. They show export volumes holding up despite tariffs, and that isn't because of price cuts. The recent mild upturn in import demand has also sustained. That calls into question the sharp fall in last week's FAI data.
Trump's visit will dominate the news this week, particularly his trade talks with China and Korea, and whether he says anything about the JPY in Japan. It now doesn't look like the BOJ will hike on Thursday, but the tone should be more positive. The data highlight will be Korean business confidence.
National inflation data for September was messy again. One reason was public service prices falling, a development that stands out when a theme of recent BOJ speeches has been pent-up inflation pressure in the public sector. Overall, the inflation picture still looks solid.
Detailed monetary data for China continue to look more positive. Three trends stand out: a further slowing of the flow of household money into time deposits; a resumption of capital inflows; and continuation of the faster pace of PBC lending to the financial sector.
There were slight hints of a shift from the BOK today, but the governor also stressed the need for more certainty in areas like the Korea-US trade talks, and overall, the bank's basic stance was unchanged. For a clearer shift, I think business sentiment and monthly economic output need to rise.
The BOK tomorrow will likely remain on hold tomorrow, primarily because of the recent sharp rise in house prices. I think the more important question is whether the bank changes its view about rate cuts into 2026. I don't think it will, but here I outline a scenario that would get that outcome.
BOJ board member Takata Hajime yesterday likened the downwards revisions to the BOJ's forecasts on the back of tariffs to a typhoon-linked "planned suspension" of public transport that now needs to be lifted. He also argued inflationary pressure is increasingly being driven by domestic factors.
Detailed Q3 data include a few puzzles: net export contribution stable when the trade surplus declined; construction dropping sharply when property has looked less bad; and quarterly investment growing when monthly FAI has dropped. The one detail that really adds up: manufacturing remaining strong.
I really enjoyed doing this podcast with Bilal Hafeez from Micro Hive. It was a great chance to get into a lot of the structural themes across the region that I have been working on.
Property is weak, manufacturing FAI has slowed, consumer spending on goods is soft, and price deflation isn't lifting. However, services consumption is better, and output of both goods and services is growing by more than 5%. The government likely still thinks the economy is muddling through.