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The main flow dynamics didn't shift in June. The CA surplus remained large, while NPS and FDI outflows were solid. But the revival of domestic equities has caused some changes, with less household overseas buying, and more foreigner domestic buying.
The BOK hasn't sounded concerned about inflation for a while, and the July CPI data is unlikely to change that, with headline and core remaining close to 2%. Food prices will rise in August following the recent bad weather, but energy prices should fall. Core is also now starting to look softer.
The lift in exports in June was sustained in July. But I'd be sceptical that marks the start of an upcycle. The strength is all about semis, and today's PMI, like last week's BOK business sentiment survey, was sluggish. If there are upside risks for Korea, they are likely domestic, not external.
June data continue to suggest retail sales have bottomed. There was also a decent bounce in construction last month. Industrial and services output are creeping up. However, production overall remains in the range of the last 23M. So, while a bit less vulnerable, the cycle hasn't yet lifted.
Today's release of local JOLTS data shows the labour market remained soft in June. Vacancy and quit rates continued to fall, hiring of temp workers eased, and filling rates are trending up The fall in the vacancy rate in particular is a sign that wage growth remains under pressure.
Yesterday's minutes showed the clear tension for monetary policy between weak growth and financial excess. The BOK seems confident that the latest macro-pru measures will work. That sets the stage for more easing, though the committee in July wasn't quite as concerned about growth as it had been.
The underlying dynamic for the KRW has been a fall in corporate borrowing driving a structural increase in Korea's current account a surplus, which has been recycled overseas by a reallocation into foreign assets by the NPS. With that reallocation running out of steam, the KRW has room to strengthen
Q2 GDP was boosted by government spending and doesn't indicate a real turn in the cycle, as today's weak business sentiment survey through July showed. However, while Korea still has to get through the tariff shock, it does at least look like the cycle is no longer worsening,
For the further rise in consumer confidence in today's survey to matter, it needs to lift business confidence too. Without that, more important is the dip in property price expectations which, with the SLO survey showing tighter lending standards, should ease BOK concerns about housing overheating.
PPI ticked up in June, but only to 0.5% YoY, and overall trends suggest continued moderation of price pressures. That's true for goods, given the further fall in import prices, but is even more relevant for services in light of the widening gap between PPI v CPI services price inflation.
The labour market loosening that is one of the big themes for Korean macro isn't visible in headline data, which show employment high and UE low. It is clearer in a nice box in the BOK's economic outlook report, that discusses in detail why the employment situation is in fact "subdued".
The labour market remains slack, with employment dropping in June. Wage growth is also declining, and other data released today show import prices dropping 6% in June. This all suggests inflation will remain constrained, giving room for the BOK to continue to cut rates.
Given the rise in house prices, that the BOK didn't cut rates today wasn't a surprise. However, the bank sounded much more confident than I'd expected that the rebound in house prices would be temporary. So, this really is just a pause, and the bank made no change in its "rate cut stance"
Leads suggest the mild rise in headline CPI in June should now fade. Core inflation is more stable, in part because services inflation remains on the high side. In next week's meeting, the BOK is unlikely to show much concern about that, with the focus instead being the rebound in property prices.
Today's full-month June export statistics show exports finally breaking out of the range of recent months. I wouldn't think that will continue. It is all because of semi, big exporters like Samsung, Kia and Hyundai haven't benefited from the recent Kospi rally, and exporter sentiment remains weak.
Inflation is likely declining, the labour market continues to weaken, and business confidence remains poor. So the fundamentals are weak. But consumer confidence, the DRAM price, Kopsi and house prices have all rebounded. The latter changes the BOK outlook. Further rate cuts will take longer.
Today's labour market data show unemployment low but private sector employment weak. Business confidence should improve after the election, but other data released today for trade in the first 10 days of June show overall exports remaining lacklustre, even as semi exports start to pick up again.
The important detail in today's CPI release for May was the drop in MoM core. Given the weakness of demand – now beginning to show up more clearly in the labour market – that moderation should persist. With global commodity prices weighing on headline, inflation should be less of an issue in 2H25.
The BOK cut rates again to 2.5% on the back of further downgrades to the outlook for growth. That forecast makes further cuts likely, though remarks today suggest a sharpening of the debater within the MPC about the need to boost growth versus the risk of rate cuts just pushing up asset prices.
Despite an improvement in consumer confidence, all-economy sentiment remained weak in May, dragged down by poor confidence in the corporate sector. However, inflation indicators are falling too. Everyone – it seems – expects the BOK to cut tomorrow, and that likely won't be the last in the cycle.
In Taiwan and Japan, rising inflation is eroding consumer confidence. In Korea, by contrast, less domestic uncertainty and lower inflation triggered a bounce in confidence in May. The differing inflation pictures offer a good illustration of why the BOK is cutting, while the BOJ and CBC are not.
Historically, in terms of both savings and inflation, Korea has looked different from the other East Asian economies. But that is now changing. In recent years, Korea has become a clear external creditor, and labour market developments warn of a structural slowdown in inflation.
Unemployment remains low, but wage growth isn't accelerating. The reason is the big structural changes in the labour market of recent years, which have increased the number of part-time jobs. That shift is likely to reduce the bargaining power of labour, and generate a structural slowdown in wages.
Today's 10D May export data were stable, but that won't ease the growth concerns visible in last week's minutes of the BOK April meeting. It seems the member who voted for a cut was weighing more than 25bp. But another member warned against being "bold", saying that monetary easing wasn't working.
Yesterday's export data for April were sluggish, and today's PMI fell to 47.5, the lowest since September 2022. Ongoing political uncertainty won't help a recovery. The BOK expects this weakness to reduce inflation, but that feed through isn't obvious yet, with April core CPI remaining over 2%.