Two themes stand out. First, macro in China is stabilising following the multi-year decline triggered by the twin shocks of the three red lines and zero covid. Second, the chip supercycle has yet to be derailed by the Iran War.
China's detailed Q1 GDP data aren't obviously consistent. By expenditure, net exports were down while investment were up. But by industry, manufacturing rose while construction contracted. Across the region, the decline in oil prices will be welcome, but government energy subsidies remain large.
Two things today. First, China's big data releases, which show broad macro stabilisation. Second, TSMC's quarterly earnings. Management comments were positive again, forecasting revenue growth of over 30% this year. That has read through for total exports and Taiwan's overall economy.
The broad theme is macro is stabilisation, shown by three indicators that are bottoming after multi-year declines: property starts, household demand deposits, and producer prices. The implications, as are already being seen, are slower rate cuts, stabilising yields, and a stronger currency.
Lots of data today – fx settlement for China, machine orders and the Reuters Tankan in Japan, import and export prices and labour market data in Korea, and wages in Taiwan.
Energy import prices surged 50% in March, and that will undoubtedly raise inflation. However, Korea's terms of trade actually continued to rise (just about), helped by the continued sharp rise in chip export prices. For Korean growth, there is an offset to this energy crisis.
Today's focus is China, with the release of headline trade data for March, and upstream price data through the first 10 days of April to give an early sense of PPI inflation this month. Also, my latest video, discussing the impact of the Iran war on the outlook for the region.
Today's trade data for March don't get us so far: only headline data have been released, and underlying trends are still obscured by Chinese New Year distortions. Overall, however, exports look firm, with auto sales rising again. Imports are very strong, but that is more about chips than energy.
My latest video, discussing the impact of the Iran war on the outlook for the region
China's PBC is increasing liquidity injections, with only limited feedthrough to broader monetary conditions. In Japan, by contrast, the BOJ is tapering, but bank lending growth remains strong. Korea's exports for the first 10 days of April increased sharply, pushing up the trade surplus.
The lessening of deflation has largely been driven by external factors. But domestic monetary developments have helped: the increase in PBC liquidity injections, and as shown again by today's March monetary release, the stabilisation of M1 growth and the M1:M2 ratio.
Trade data for the first 10 days are volatile. But the April data are still worth highlighting. They show strong exports and a rising trade surplus, which offers a contrast with the BOK's concerns about the cycle, and the market's worries about the KRW.
Four developments stand out: the return of inflation in China; cycle nervousness in Japan and Korea; that's despite a continued strong AI cycle that is boosting exports in Korea and Taiwan; and the visit of the KMT chair to China, the importance of which depends on Trump's meeting with Xi.
A busy day today, with CPI data for China, PPI for both China and Japan, foreign trade data in Taiwan, and a monetary policy meeting in Korea that was more interesting than I'd been expecting.
Exports in March were strong again. There aren't yet signs of the Iran war derailing the chip cycle, and while energy imports will increase more quickly, the impact on the trade surplus will be limited. The outlook for Taiwan as of now is resilient growth and higher inflation.
For me, the tone of today's BOK meeting was a surprising mix of uncertainty and conviction. On the one hand, the bank stressed that the outlook is unclear, depending on events in the Middle East. On the other, it seems very sure that inflation will be quite a lot higher than 2%, and growth lower.
That the return of PPI inflation in March was driven by an energy price shock isn't positive. In fact, though, the recovery in PPI pre-dates the Iran war, beginning in June last year. Positive inflation reinforces the macro narrative that China's cycle is more stable, supporting rates and the CNY.
A longer piece on Korea inflation dynamics, and a link to my podcast discussion on Taiwan. Japan consumer confidence fell sharply in March, illustrating the growth risks if the ceasefire doesn't hold. Korea Q4 FOF data show a structural rise in savings, that continues to be invested overseas.
I've been arguing that Taiwan is one of the most interesting macro stories in the world right now. I had the chance to lay out some of the elements in this week's Bloomberg Asia Centric podcast.
GDP growth has been below the BOK's estimate of potential almost continually since 2022. And yet core inflation hasn't dropped below target, and private services inflation – a proxy for domestically generated inflation – has picked up to above 3%. Just what is going on?
Decent wage growth in Japan in February, but a terrible March EW survey; stupendous current account data in Korea, but continued equity outflows; and inflation falling in March in Taiwan, but underlying core settling at around 2%
In February, despite the strength of consumer confidence, Japanese consumption weakened. That was before the Iran war, and the consequences of the conflict also aren't evident in trade data for the first 20 days of March. They can be seen, however, in the fall in Taiwan's fx reserves last month.
More inflation indicators to report today. China's high-frequency upstream price data continue to point to a YoY rise in PPI in March for the first time since 2022. In Japan, latest data show the output gap (on the BOJ's updated methodology) tightened further in Q425.
The themes around China as a relative safe haven, and firming inflation in Japan, are clear. The inflation picture in Japan supports rate hikes. Korea, by contrast, is messier: there are positive dynamics like the surging trade surplus and WGBI inclusion, but the KRW still can't stabilise.
Like the manufacturing version a couple of days ago, China S&P/RatingDog services PMI in March gave back the big gains of February. Japan's services PMI remained firm, but showed rising inflation and falling confidence. Korea February JOLTS data point to the labour market remaining soft.